(Image: B'Tselem) a partial translation of the report kolonističkim Israeli settlements in the West Bank BY HOOK AND BY Crook Israeli Settlement Policy in the West Bank who in July 2010. published by Israeli human rights organization in the occupied Palestinian territories and B'Tselem, which in its entirety in English can be read on the link . report on the link also contains a map of some illegal Israeli kolonističkih settlements in the West Bank.
Abstract
Around half a million Israelis are currently living outside the Green Line: more than 300 000 of them live in 121 kolonističkom village and about 100 wild kolonističkih illegal settlements, which controls 42% of the country in the West Bank, while others are living in 12 neighborhoods Israel is established on land that was annexed by the city of Jerusalem. [...]
kolonističkih construction of settlements since it marks the beginning of the instrumental, cynical, and even access to international criminal law, local legislation, Israeli military orders and Israeli law, which allowed the continued theft of Palestinian land in the West Bank. The main tool used by Israel to that effect was a declaration that the land surface "state land", the mechanism that resulted in the seizure of more than 900 000 dunums of land (16% of the West Bank), with the majority of such declaration conducted in the period between the 1979th and 1992. year. The interpretation of the concept of "state land" in the Ottoman land law, which has offered the State Attorney's Office is in conflict with the express statutory provisions and Supreme Court rulings. Without this distorted interpretation of Israel could not have such a large area of \u200b\u200bland granted kolonističkim settlements.
In addition, kolonistička settlement took control of the land is privately owned by Palestinians. Checking the data of the Civil Administration, jurisdikcijskog kolonističkih areas of settlements and settlement kolonističkih photos taken from the air 2009, B'Tselem has come to the data that 21% of the constructed area kolonističkih settlement is the land that Israel recognizes as private Palestinian property owners.
Israel, to encourage Israelis to move to kolonistička settlement, introduced a mechanism through which provides benefits and incentives kolonističkim settlements and colonists, regardless of their economic status, which is often financially secured. Most kolonističkih settlements in the West Bank has the status of national priority areas A, thanks to which are entitled to a number of benefits: benefits for housing, allowing the colonists to buy quality and cheap housing, with the automatic allocation of subsidized mortgages, many benefits in education, such as free education for children from 3 years onwards, extended school day, free transport to schools, higher teacher salaries, in industry and agriculture, subsidy allocation and payment of fees for tax on their products imposed by the European Union, in taxation, the imposition of much lower taxes than those paid by communities within the Green Line, and by providing larger subsidies to align budgets to try to cover deficits.
kolonističkih establishment of settlements Israel violates international humanitarian law. Israel has ignored the relevant laws, by applying their own interpretation, which accepts almost none of the leading lawyer in the world nor the international communities.
Building kolonističkih settlement resulted in a cumulative and permanent violations of Palestinian human rights following:
- the right to property, the imposition of control over large parts of the country in the West Bank in favor kolonističkih settlement;
- the right to equality and fair treatment , establishing a separate legal system, in which the rights of people based on her national origin, and the colonists are processed within the Israeli system, which is based on human rights and democratic values, while the Palestinians are processed within the military justice system that systematically denies them their rights;
- right the appropriate standard, given that the settlement kolonistička intentionally established so as to prevent urban development of Palestinian communities and Israeli control over water resources is hampering the development of Palestinian agriculture;
- the right to freedom of movement, through the control point and other obstacles that hinder or inhibit the movement of Palestinians in the West Bank, which are intended to protect settlements and kolonističkih kolonističkih traffic arteries;
- the right to self-determination, splitting Palestinian territorial cohesion and the creation of dozens of enclaves that hinder the establishment of an independent and viable Palestinian state.
[...]
Comprehensive geo-spatial changes of landscape that Israel has committed in the West Bank undermine the negotiations that led Israel from the Palestinians for 18 years and violate Israel's international obligations. Israeli colonization venture, since it is based on discrimination at the expense of Palestinians living in the West Bank, also weakens the pillars of democracy in Israel and harming the country's position among other countries in the world.
[...]
Chapter
data kolonističkim settlements
In the period between the 1967th year and May 2010. the West the coast was built 121 official Israeli kolonističko village. Was built and about 100 wild kolonističkih settlements - settlements established without official permission, but with the support and assistance to government departments. These figures do not include 4 kolonistička settlements in the northern West Bank, which Israel evacuated 2005th year.
Israel has also established a fourth 12 on land that is annexed to Jerusalem after 1967, these districts are under international law kolonistička settlement. The Government has also supported and helped create several kolonističkih Palestinian enclaves in the middle of the fourth in the eastern part of Jerusalem - including the Muslim Quarter in the Old Town, Silwan, Sheikh Jarrah, the Mount of Olives, Ras al-'Amud, Abu Dis and Jabel Mukabber.
According to the latest figures half a million people live in kolonističkim settlements in the West Bank and Israeli neighborhoods established in East Jerusalem.
A. Population kolonističkih settlement
Table 1: Kolonistička settlements and settlers in the West Bank (excluding East Jerusalem)
Table 2: The colonists in East Jerusalem
B. Land area kolonističkih settlement
calculation of the total land area kolonističkih settlement in this report are based on official government maps prepared by the Civil Administration in December 2006. According to these maps, the total area of \u200b\u200bthe West Bank, including areas annexed to the jurisdictional area of \u200b\u200bthe city of Jerusalem, 5,602,951 dunums (1 dunums is 1000 square meters, a 0.1 hectare, or 0.247 mornings).
[...]
Table 3: Share kolonističkih surface settlements in the West Bank area
To view kolonističkih expansion of settlements, we have looked at 3 kolonistička largest settlements in the West Bank (including East Jerusalem) - Modi'in Illit, Betar Illit and Ma'ale Adummim. Built-up areas of settlements kolonističkih 3 were significantly expanded during the period between 2,001th and 2009. years, a number of their population has grown significantly. Built area of \u200b\u200bModi'in Illit settlement increased by 78%, from 1287 to 2290 dunums, built-up area Betar Illit settlements increased by 55% from 1270 to 1975 dunums, and built-up area in the settlement of Ma'ale Adummim increased by 34% , with 2500 to 3342 dunums ( see the attached map).
population growth in the 3 kolonistička settlement was higher than the annual increment of the total population kolonističkog. Since 2004. year, when Israel was under the Plan Road Map for Peace promised to freeze construction in settlements kolonističkim, until the end of 2009, the population of Modi'in Illit has grown by 64% from 27 386 to 44 900 inhabitants; Betar Illit by 46% , with 24 895 to 36, 400, and Ma'ale Adummima by 20% from 28 923 to 34 600 inhabitants.
C. Spatial distribution kolonističkih
settlements on the West Coast there are currently more than 200 settlements that kolonističkih complex road network associated with each other and Israel. The network passes through areas that were committed under Palestinian control and spill zone A, which is under full Palestinian control, and Zone B, in which the civilian jobs under the Palestinian control, in the territorial islands.
Kolonistička settlements were built on the 3 bands that stretch from north to south, the west coast, and about the wider metropolitan area of \u200b\u200bJerusalem.
[...]
D. Wild kolonistička settlement
Wild kolonistička settlements are settlements built without government approval, but with the support of various government ministries, army and civil administration. Establishment of wild kolonističkih settlement began in 1996, after a government decision to establish new kolonističkih settlement requires the approval of the whole government. Tom is also the decision of the Minister of Defense the authority to approve or freeze any stage of the procedure which the country is awarded a settlement and kolonističkom any stage procedure for approving plans for construction in the settlements kolonističkim. Wild kolonistička settlements were established on land which the government has not committed, and some are built on Palestinian land in private ownership. Were built without approved building plans and without the regional military commander, identified their jurisdictional boundaries. Despite these constant violations of laws and constant assurances that these settlements will be evacuated, Government has so far hesitated to evacuate almost all the wild kolonistička settlements and has not removed any of the big wild kolonističko village.
According to the Israeli organization Peace Now, in June 2009. On the west coast there were about 100 wild kolonističkih settlement. Half of them built after February 2001, when Ariel Sharon became prime minister. The wild kolonistička villages occupied the area from about 16 000 dunums, including 7000 dunums of Palestinian land in private ownership. The organization Peace Now estimates that in 2009. kolonističkim settlements in the wild lived 3371 people.
Chapter
Israeli policy
[...]
In September 1967, only 3 months after Israel occupied the West Bank, the government in this area kolonističko established the first settlement - Kfar Etzion. Over the next decades, governments have promoted the alliance Laburističkog Allonov plan, which has recommended that Israel annex the parts of the West Bank that are densely populated by Palestinians, such as the Jordan Valley, areas around Jerusalem, Gush Etzion, most of the Judean desert and the belt of the country in the southern hills hebronskih. As part of this plan throughout the West Bank was established nearly 30 kolonističkih settlement. Likud, which has been chosen to power the 1977th years, has established dozens of new settlements in the densely kolonističkih populated Palestinian areas, like the mountain belt and the belt of the western mountains near the Green Line. Rabin's government, which came to power in 1992, has decided not to establish new settlements kolonistička, except in the Jordan Valley and the wider area of \u200b\u200bJerusalem. " However, the government expanded existing settlements kolonistička as a part of. "Kolonističkog natural increase of population", a term that is never precisely defined. Since 1993, when they start the negotiations in Oslo, kolonističko the population in the West Bank, excluding those living in East Jerusalem, almost tripled, from 110 900 to 301 200 settlers. Overall kolonističko Population in the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, has risen from 241 000 to more than half a million people.
[...]
Failure to comply with Israeli obligations
[...] Israel has over the years continued to build in existing settlements kolonističkim, plan and establish new settlements kolonistička, izvlašćivati \u200b\u200bland for their construction and provide exceptional incentives to Israeli citizens who move to kolonistička settlement. Moreover, Israel is evacuating almost none of the wild kolonističkih settlement that promised to remove the part of a Road Map for Peace.
Israel of its obligations under the Road Map plan should begin to implement in May 2003. However, construction in the settlements kolonističkim continued, as well as giving generous incentives that Israel offered the colonists. As a result, the period since 2004. end of 2009. The kolonističko population (not including those living in East Jerusalem) increased by 28%, from 235 263 to 301 200 people. 2008th The annual growth kolonističkog population was 3 times higher than the annual population growth inside Israel - 5% versus 1.8%. In ultraortodoksnim kolonističkim Betar Illit settlements and Modi'in Illit, the figures for 2009. year are even more. Net migration rate kolonističkim settlements in the West coast is higher than the migration rate of any region in Israel. 2006th this figure was 20.1%, more than twice the rate in communities in central Israel, while other regions in Israel have had a negative migration rate.
addition kolonističkih expansion of existing settlements, Israel has continued to build new. For example, the end of 2003. built an extensive infrastructure and prepared the land for construction of residential quarters in the E-1, located north of kolonističkog settlement Ma'ale Adummim. This building was conducted as part of work on the road, which wants to provide access to Police Headquarters of Judea and Samaria in the area, despite the fact that for this construction are not issued any permits. Israeli Defence Minister Ehud Barak also approved the conversion of the preparatory program of religious predvojničkog Maskiyot in the Jordan Valley in New kolonističko village, and construction of new quarters at this location has begun. Barak has also approved the continuation of the planned conversion Sensene, currently part of the settlement kolonističkog Eshkolot, independently kolonističko village.
Israel also continues to plan expansion kolonističkih settlement. According to an analysis developed by the Israeli organization Bimkom based on a database compiled by Brigadier General Baruch Spiegel, the potential for construction in the settlements kolonističkim the existing plans of more than 50 000 dwellings - more than double the current number of dwellings in the area. There are plans to expand settlements kolonističkog Geva'ot, the Etzion bloc of settlements kolonističkih, which is supposedly in the neighborhood kolonističkom settlement of Alon Shvut although physically separate from that settlement, in which 12 families are currently living. The intention is to convert it into an independent kolonističko village which will initially be 500, and then 5000 apartments.
Civil Administration continues to land in the West Bank to declare "state land" (see Chapter). Between 2003rd and 2009. 5114 dunums in Area C was declared government property. States in 2009. The information published in in the Palestinian newspaper Al-Quds announced its intention to around 138 000 dunums of land declared "state land", including parts discovered thanks to the evaporation of the Dead Sea. That country seems almost 2.5% of the West Bank. That same year, the state of Israel informed the High Court of Justice that it intends to expropriate Palestinian land in private ownership in order to complete the installation of wastewater treatment in kolonističkom settlement of Ofra. Previous phases of construction, installation took place without the necessary permits.
Government rarely enforced their decisions regarding settlements kolonističkih. State Attorney's Office in April 2010. informed the High Court of Justice that is, from the beginning Freezing construction before 5 months, opened 423 cases of illegal construction in settlements kolonističkim. The current government also has not appointed members of the ministerial committee that was supposed to implement the conclusions Sassoninog report from 2005, but even seeks to recognize and approve the construction of some wild kolonističkih settlement dealt with the report. For example, in the case of wild kolonističkog Migron settlement, which in 2002. established on Palestinian land in private ownership, the government has proposed building a new neighborhood kolonističkom Geva Binyamin settlement of colonists who settled the wild and establishing settlements Migron violated the law, if agreed to leave their current location. The state has recently informed the High Court of its intention to carry out surveying land for the purpose of legalization of building settlements in the wild kolonističkim Derekh Ha'avot, Haresh and Hayovel and expropriating more land, including land that Israel recognizes that it is privately owned by Palestinians.
Chapter
mechanisms for taking control over land in the West Bank and construction of illegal settlements in kolonističkim
[...]
Israel manages complex legal and bureaucratic apparatus in the West Bank in order to master the hundreds of thousands of dunums of Palestinian land, including land that is privately ownership. This country is allocated for the establishment of new or expansion of existing settlements kolonističkih. The main methods that Israel uses the requisition land for "military purposes", declaration or registration of land as "state land" and izvlašćivanje land for "public purposes". Using these methods, Israel gained control of about half the West Bank. K should be added the fact that the colonists often acting independently occupy land that is privately owned by Palestinians, while the competent authorities of not doing almost anything to ensure law enforcement and restore land to its rightful owners.
[...]
A. Requisition of land for "military purposes"
During the first decades of colonization, Israel's military command rekvizicijske used to possess private Palestinian land, arguing that colonist settlements serve the security and military purposes. This claim arose because international humanitarian law of occupation permits to appropriate land is privately owned property for military purposes, though only temporarily. The appropriation of this kind does not give property rights and land occupation is not permitted to sell property that was appropriated. Colonist settlements, some of which were created as a military base Nahal Brigade, which were later declared civilian areas, built rekviriranoj on earth.
High Court of Justice has supported this policy until the case kolonističkog settlement Elon Moreh 1979th year. In this case, the colonists and former Chief of Staff of the Israeli army Haim Bar-Lev a viewpoint presented to court - each with their arguments - which opposed the opinion states that the establishment of settlements kolonističkih necessary for security reasons. The High Court has ordered that the seized property be returned to its owners. After this case, the use of military rekvizicijskih orders dropped sharply, but not completely lost.
In Elon Moreh case, and despite the explicit ruling of the High Court of Justice, Israel is not back country assimilated to military orders its Palestinian owners. According to Spiegel, database and map of land appropriated by the military, and by the Israeli Civil Administration by the Yesh Din NGO, military rekvizicijske commands have been used since 1967. year for taking 31 000 dunums of the country for 42 colonist settlements. In 11 of these kolonističkih settlement land is appropriated after the High Court of Justice ruled in the case of Elon Moreh, and seven villages were kolonističkih rekvizicijske command replaced the declaration of "state land". One is a colonist village were evacuated as part of a plan of withdrawal in 2005. year. [...]
in colonist areas where military rekvizicijske commands are replaced by the declaration of "state land" (see below), these commands are still valid. [...]
Israel in 2002. again extensively used rekvizicijske military command in order to build the separation fence (wall), appropriating tens of thousands of dunums of private Palestinian land. About 85% Barriers located on the territory of the West Bank and 60 kolonističkih settlements located in the area between the bulkhead and the Green Line. Significant parts of the barriers were built in a way that the country intended to expand kolonističkih settlements located west of the barriers, in some cases, the expansion plans were not discussed or approved by the competent authorities. The High Court of Justice has accepted the position of the state to military rekvizicijske commands can be used to build barriers despite the fact that most of the barriers placed in the occupied territories. In some cases, the court even agreed with the views of the path that goes Pregrada may include land intended for settlement expansion kolonističkih, as in the case kolonističkog Giv'at Ze'ev settlement.
rekvizicijske Israel's military command is also used to close the "special security zone" around kolonističkih settlement. So far 12 kolonističkih village surrounded by a new fence, which is far from the house in kolonističkim settlements and building a fence which is actually the land annexed kolonističkim settlements. Using this method, Israel has increased the surface area of \u200b\u200bthese settlements kolonističkih 4559 dunums, an increase of 240% in the period between the 2002nd and 2008. year.
B. The declaration of "state land"
In November 1979, after the verdict in the case of Elon Moreh, the Israeli government has decided "to expand settlements in Judea, Samaria, the Jordan valley, the Gaza Strip and Golan Heights residents, adding to existing communities and establishing additional communities in the country's state-owned. "This decision meant that Israel would no longer take the Palestinian land in private ownership in order to built it kolonistička settlement.
Proclamation of the country, "state", according to the Ottoman Land Law of 1858, has become the primary mechanism by which Israel had gained control of the country, both in terms of frequency of its use, and in view of the surface of the confiscated land. This procedure ensured the high ground for the continued development kolonističkih settlement.
Israel has more than 913 000 dunums of land declared "state land", an area that makes 16% of the West Bank, the country was proclaimed the state mainly in the period between the 1979th and 1992. year. We should add another 600 000 dunums, mainly in the Jordan Valley and the desert of Judea, who, during the British mandate and Jordanian rule considered "state land". "State land" now covers an area of \u200b\u200babout 1.5 million dunums or 26.7% of the West Bank.
kolonističkih Most settlements are located in the middle of built-Palestinian area, the mountain belt and the belt of the western hills along the Green Line, were built on the land. [...]
[...]
1992nd years after the Rabin government's decision to freeze construction in settlements kolonističkim, declaring the country a "state" in huge numbers. 1997, when he came into power the first government of Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu, Israel has renewed this process using the "procedure of surveying the country." However, the frequency of declaring "state land" and the area of \u200b\u200bthe country that has declared a state in this period were small in comparison with the past. In the period between the 2003rd and 2009. The "state land" was proclaimed the 5114 dunums of land in the West Bank.
Legal basis
After the verdict in the case of Elon Moreh, and the government's decision to expand settlements kolonistička early 1980s, the Civil Division in the Office of the State Attorney, who led Plia Albeck, began to examine the possibility of declaring property in the West Bank "state land". [...]
[...]
Israel declaring the country a "state" were not an integral part of an organized process of registering ownership rights over the land, as was the practice during the British mandate and Jordanian rule in the West Bank. Israel failed to implement expensive and complex process, Land Registry, but instead decided to take more land for settlement kolonistička in a way that was declared "state land". Widespread practice of designating land in the West Bank "State" was contrary to key provisions Ottoman legislation and case law during the British mandate, which are binding on Israel. Without handling the interpretation of law by the State Attorney's Office, Israel would not be able to gain control over such a large area of \u200b\u200bland for construction of dozens of settlements kolonističkih.
reappropriation of private Palestinian land located along the "state land"
reappropriation of "state land" is often included land grab by Israel was admitted as a country in the private Palestinian property. Spiegel database lists at least 27 kolonističkih settlements with "discrepancies in the construction" that extend over the "state country "on private Palestinian land. [...] Kolonističkim settlements awarded to private Palestinian land or traversed the country whose property was not found. Earth is used for construction or is involved in the jurisdictional area kolonističkih settlement. [...]
[...] Although they found deviations from a single kolonističkog settlement is not requested that, due to an error when downloading a "state land", returned the land is privately owned by its Palestinian owners.
[...]
D. Izvlašćivanje "public purposes"
Jordanian soil law explicitly states that the state may expropriate land only for public purposes. Given that the public in the West Bank Palestinians, Israel, this measure is not used very much. The exception is kolonističko settlement Ma'ale Adummim, established 1975th at 35 334 dunums of Palestinian land expropriated 1975th and 1977. year. That country seems 74% category that kolonističkog settlement.
Israel is also the measure used for the construction of infrastructure, especially roads linking settlements to each other kolonistička Israel. The High Court of Justice approved the move after the government accepted the view that the road will also serve the needs of the Palestinian public. Israel has recently sought to expropriate land privately owned by Palestinians in the village of 'Ein Yabrud, to complete construction of a wastewater treatment plant in kolonističkom Ofra settlement. The initial phase of construction of this plant is carried out and financed by the government, but without building permits. The High Court has issued an interim order and the case has not yet been resolved.
Izvlašćivanje land for construction of infrastructure carried out by military orders issued in 1969, which has authority to izvlašćivanje transferred to the competent authority - the Director of Civil Administration, or his delegate. This commands are limited by the provisions of Jordan's land law, by according it no longer was necessary to publish the decision on expropriation countries in the press about these decisions or to notify the owners of the country. Civil Administration must now only in its offices in the settlement of Beit El kolonističkom and regional offices to coordinate and link hoist a map of the planned expropriation.
Israel has expropriated in East Jerusalem, about 24 500 dunums of land, mostly in private Palestinian property, or 1 / 3 of the country attached to the Jerusalem municipal jurisdictional area of \u200b\u200bthe 1967th The country was expropriated in accordance with the regulations of the British mandate from the 1943rd was incorporated into Israeli law, which have similarities with Jordan's land law in respect of the acquisition of land "for public purposes." In this country built 12 districts, which are under international law as kolonističkim settlements. Neither piece of the expropriated land is used for Palestinians in East Jerusalem.
E. Annexation of land is privately owned Palestinian
During the second half of the 1990s, after signing the Oslo agreement, areas of most kolonističkih settlements were extended, and "political reasons" and "without any connection with the needs of existing urban communities "[...]
This is an extension to include large areas of the country that recognizes Israel as the land is privately owned by Palestinians. This country is not expropriated or declared "State land". However, its inclusion within the boundaries of the area kolonističkih settlement, which is defined as all closed military zone in which they can enter only with special permission, in fact Palestinian landowners from accessing their land.
[...]
land area is privately owned by Palestinians, which is located within the kolonističkih settlement is almost the same size as the earth's surface covered with a constructed area of \u200b\u200bkolonističkim settlements, which is 2009. totaled 55 479 dunums. According to data from the Israeli organization Peace Now, which apply to all Israeli civilian entities in the West Bank - kolonistička villages, wild kolonistička settlements and industrial zones - the land is privately owned by Palestinians, it seems 32.4% of the country under the control of these entities.
[...]
illegal construction in settlements kolonističkim
Despite being aware of and which have documented a massive illegal construction in kolonističkim settlements, Israeli authorities have not taken any real efforts in order to prevent or force the offenders to comply with the law. Managing Director of the colonization of the World Zionist Organization, one of the body that authorized the government to grant land kolonističkim settlements and to run them architectural projects, even Sasson said that the department intentionally violated the laws on planning and construction which are applicable in the West Bank. He said that such a practice to build up the congregation of Israel, to be determined, and that only a few years later, legalizing the construction of the approved plans. "That's the way we work. Are we supposed to plan the first five years and then establish a community? "
[...]
of illegal construction in settlements kolonističkim cover vast areas of the country. This example covers almost all the built-up area in each of the following kolonističkih settlements: Itamar, Beit El, Hemdat, Yitav, Ofra, and in all southern districts kolonističkog settlement Modi'in Illit. Illegal is built for the institutions in the West Bank would be implemented by law, such as the army (a quarter of mobile barracks in kolonističkom Einav settlement) and police (the access road to the police headquarters of Judea and Samaria in the E-1, near the settlement Ma'ale kolonističkog Adumim). The vast majority of construction was financed by the Ministry of Construction and Housing, Ministry of Defence and the Civil Administration, and Department of colonization of the World Zionist Organization.
[...]
Table 4: Area kolonističkih settlements, according to property (in dunums, and percentages in brackets)
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Against adults and children alike, including women and girls, nothing is too brutal or extreme. For example, one 15-year old said he was stripped naked, forced into an extremely painful position, then burned by lit cigarettes to make him confess. Others are tortured to collaborate. A 10-year old said "They beat me on various parts of my body with plastic hoses. I had to have a surgical operation to have a platinum transplant in my arm. They kept me naked for a whole night, handcuffed and blindfolded; and I was not allowed to go to the toilet for two days!" According to the Palestinian Prisoners Club, 95% of children are tortured, 85% to confess under duress and sign Hebrew documents they can't read or understand. Israel brazenly violates international law, including in how they treat young children. In fact, harassing, intimidating, threatening, cuffing, shackling, abusing, torturing and denying due process breaches Fourth Geneva, the UN Torture Convention, and UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. They're inviolable legal standards Israel doesn't give a damn about when it comes to Palestinian Arabs. Why should they when international community leaders raise no accountability issues.
Palestinian reconciliation may lead to Israel's Palestinian separation
But recent events provide another opportunity to shout into the void of willful forgetfulness: Ever since January 1991, long before Hamas rose to power, long before the suicide bombings, even before the Oslo accords, Israel restricted the Palestinians' rights to travel between the Gaza Strip and the West Bank. That was when the "caging" of Gaza started, and this cage has gradually become more and more closed over time. In 1997, Israel forbade Gazans to enter the West bank via the Allenby Bridge. Why? Because ever since 1991, when the travel-ban system, misnamed the permits regime, was introduced and when students and businessmen, for example, were not permitted to drive the 70 kilometers that separate Gaza from Ramallah, they would leave from Rafah and enter the West Bank via Jordan. Starting in 2000, Israel declared that those Gazans who were in the West Bank were "illegal sojourners" if their travel permits had expired. As of 2010, the judicial military system defines them as "infiltrators" who face either arrest or expulsion. In 1996, it transpired that Israel, in violation of the Oslo accords, was not allowing the Palestinian Authority to change the ID addresses of Palestinians who had moved from Gaza to the cities of the West bank.
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